• pwd: print work directory 打印當前目錄 顯示出當前工作目錄的絕對路徑

• ps: process status(進程狀態，類似于windows的任務管理器)

  常用參數：－auxf

  ps -auxf 顯示進程狀態

• df: disk free 其功能是顯示磁盤可用空間數目信息及空間結點信息。換句話說，就是報告在任何安裝的設備或目錄中，還剩多少自由的空間。
• du: Disk usage
• rpm：即RedHat Package Management，是RedHat的發明之一
• rmdir：Remove Directory（刪除目錄）
• rm：Remove（刪除目錄或文件）
• cat: concatenate 連鎖
• cat file1file2>>file3 把文件1和文件2的內容聯合起來放到file3中
• insmod: install module,載入模塊
• ln -s : link -soft 創建一個軟鏈接，相當于創建一個快捷方式
• mkdir：Make Directory(創建目錄)
• touch: touch
• man: Manual
• su：Swith user(切換用戶)
• cd：Change directory
• ls：List files
• ps：Process Status
• mkdir：Make directory
• rmdir：Remove directory
• mkfs: Make file system
• fsck：File system check
• uname: Unix name
• lsmod: List modules
• mv: Move file
• rm: Remove file
• cp: Copy file
• ln: Link files
• fg: Foreground
• bg: Background
• chown: Change owner
• chgrp: Change group
• chmod: Change mode
• umount: Unmount
• dd: 本來應根據其功能描述”Convert an copy”命名為”cc”，但”cc”已經被用以代表”CComplier”，所以命名為”dd”
• tar：Tape archive （磁帶檔案）
• ldd：List dynamic dependencies
• insmod：Install module
• rmmod：Remove module
• lsmod：List module
• 文件結尾的”rc”（如.bashrc、.xinitrc等）：Resource configuration
• Knnxxx /Snnxxx（位于rcx.d目錄下）：K（Kill）；S(Service)；nn（執行順序號）；xxx（服務標識）
• .a（擴展名a）：Archive，static library
• .so（擴展名so）：Shared object，dynamically linked library
• .o（擴展名o）：Object file，complied result of C/C++ source file
• RPM：Red hat package manager
• dpkg：Debian package manager
• apt：Advanced package tool（Debian或基于Debian的發行版中提供）

其他 Linux 命令縮寫

bin = Binaries (二進制文件)    /dev = Devices (設備)    /etc = Etcetera (等等)    /lib = LIBrary    /proc = Processes    /sbin = Superuser Binaries (超級用戶的二進制文件)    /tmp = Temporary (臨時)    /usr = Unix Shared Resources    /var = Variable (變量)    FIFO = First In, First Out    GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader    IFS= Internal Field Seperators    LILO = LInux LOader    MySQL = My 是最初作者女兒的名字，    SQL = Structured QueryLanguage    PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP HypertextPreprocessor    PS = Prompt String    Perl = “Pratical Extraction and Report Language”(實際的抽取和報告語言) =”Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister”    Python 得名于電視劇Monty Python’s Flying Circus    Tcl = Tool Command Language    Tk = ToolKit    VT = Video Terminal    YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool    apache = “a patchy” server    apt = Advanced Packaging Tool    ar = archiver    as = assembler    awk = “Aho Weiberger and Kernighan”三個作者的姓的第一個字母    bash = Bourne Again SHell    bc = Basic (Better) Calculator    bg = BackGround    biff = 作者HeidiStettner在U.C.Berkely養的一條狗,喜歡對郵遞員汪汪叫。    cal = Calendar (日歷)    cat = Catenate (鏈接)    cd = Change Directory    chgrp = Change Group    chmod = Change Mode    chown = Change Owner    chsh = Change Shell    cmp = compare    cobra = Common Object Request BrokerArchitecture    comm = common    cp = Copy    cpio = CoPy In and Out    cpp = C Pre Processor    cron = Chronos 希臘文時間    cups = Common Unix Printing System    cvs = Current Version System    daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor    dc = Desk Calculator    dd = Disk Dump (磁盤轉儲)    df = Disk Free    diff = Difference    dmesg = diagnostic message    du = Disk Usage    ed = editor    egrep = Extended GREP    elf = Extensible Linking Format    elm = ELectronic Mail    emacs = Editor MACroS    eval = EVALuate    ex = EXtended    exec = EXECute (執行)    fd = file descriptors    fg = ForeGround    fgrep = Fixed GREP    fmt = format    fsck = File System ChecK    fstab = FileSystem TABle    fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager    gawk = GNU AWK    gpg = GNU Privacy Guard    groff = GNU troff    hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer    joe = Joe’s Own Editor    ksh = Korn SHell    lame = Lame Ain’t an MP3 Encoder    lex = LEXical analyser    lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of IrritatingSuperfluous Parentheses    ln = Link    lpr = Line PRint    ls = list    lsof = LiSt Open Files    m4 = Macro processor Version 4    man = MANual pages    mawk = Mike Brennan’s AWK    mc = Midnight Commander    mkfs = MaKe FileSystem    mknod = Make Node    motd = Message of The Day    mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa    mtab = Mount TABle    mv = Move    nano = Nano’s ANOther editor    nawk = New AWK    nl = Number of Lines    nm = names    nohup = No HangUP    nroff = New ROFF    od = Octal Dump    passwd = Passwd    pg = pager    pico = PIne’s message COmposition editor    pine = “Program for Internet News &Email” = “Pine is not Elm”    ping = 擬聲 又 = Packet Internet Grouper    pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability    popd = POP Directory    pr = pre    printf = Print Formatted    ps = Processes Status    pty = pseudo tty    pushd = PUSH Directory    pwd = Print Working Directory    rc = runcom = run command, rc還是plan9的shell    rev = REVerse    rm = ReMove    rn = Read News    roff = RunOFF    rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat PackageManager    rsh, rlogin, rvim中的    r = Remote    rxvt = ouR XVT    seamoneky = 我    sed = Stream Editor    seq = SEQuence    shar = Shell ARchive    slrn = S-Lang rn    ssh = Secure Shell    ssl = Secure Sockets Layer    stty = Set TTY    su = Substitute User    svn = SubVersion    tar = Tape ARchive    tcsh = TENEX C shell    tee = T (T形水管接口)    telnet = TEminaL over Network    termcap = terminal capability    terminfo = terminal information    tex = τ?χνη的縮寫，希臘文art    tr = traslate    troff = Typesetter new ROFF    tsort = Topological SORT    tty = TeleTypewriter    twm = Tom’s Window Manager    tz = TimeZone    udev = Userspace DEV    ulimit = User’s LIMIT    umask = User’s MASK    uniq = UNIQue    i = VIsual = Very Inconvenient    vim = Vi IMproved    wall = write all    wc = Word Count    wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator    xargs = eXtended ARGuments    xdm = X Display Manager    xlfd = X Logical Font Description    xmms = X Multimedia System    xrdb = X Resources DataBase    xwd = X Window Dump    yacc = yet another compiler compiler    Fish = the Friendly Interactive SHell    su = Switch User    MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions    ECMA = European Computer ManufacturersAssociation